| # | Student Misconception (Trap) | The Technical Reality (KEA Key) |
| 1 | "Internet and WWW are identical terms" ❌ | Internet is the global physical infrastructure/network. WWW is an information service operating on top of it using HTTP. |
| 2 | "HTML is a programming language" ❌ | HTML is a Markup Language. It has no loops, variables, logic, or algorithmic computation. |
| 3 | "HTTP and HTTPS differ only in speed" ❌ | HTTPS adds TLS/SSL cryptographic encryption over Port 443; protects against eavesdropping & tampering. |
| 4 | "V8 is a web page rendering engine" ❌ | V8 is Google's JavaScript compiler engine. Blink is the rendering engine that draws HTML/CSS. |
| 5 | "IP address is permanently burnt into your NIC" ❌ | MAC address is physical hardware identifier (48-bit). IP address is logical and dynamically allocated (DHCP). |
| 6 | "Browser cookies are executable software programs" ❌ | Cookies are passive plaintext key-value text files stored by the browser. They cannot run code or viruses. |
| 7 | "TCP is faster than UDP" ❌ | UDP is faster because it is connectionless without handshakes or retransmissions. TCP prioritizes reliability over speed. |
| 8 | "Ping command uses TCP protocol" ❌ | Ping uses ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) operating directly at the Network Layer (IP). |
| 9 | "A Web Server can natively run dynamic PHP/Python code" ❌ | Web servers serve static files. They need an Application Server, CGI gateway, or FastCGI process to execute scripts. |
| 10 | "Private IP addresses can be routed on the public Internet" ❌ | RFC 1918 Private IPs (e.g. 192.168.x.x, 10.x.x.x) are non-routable on the Internet; they require NAT (Network Address Translation). |